(updated 2014-Dec-20 UT)

Results of past JEE events

Site under heavy and continuous construction! Please check back soon for more processed results.

Modeling the Jovian dust field, moon atmospheres, and Io’s Torus, and Europa water geysers through Jovian Extinction Events (JEE)

(coming soon) The JEE Dissertation

(here is a good FAQ): http://scottysmightymini.com/JEE/2014IOTA_JEE2014CFO_Final.ppsx

I – Io in front (cumulative model)

Date, UT	Event	Results	Comments
2009-Aug-07	IeII IoII	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA D. Clark, IOTA, Humble ISD Observatory, TX USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed First discovery of Io extinction detection.
2009-Aug-21	IoII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ	Photometry compromised by extreme saturation of objects
2009-Aug-23	IeIII	D. Clark, IOTA, Humble ISD Observatory, TX USA	Mutual eclipse, not an occultation.
2009-Sep-01	IoII	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA * Inverted Lightcurve image * B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed Confirmation LC of Io extinction detection. Timerson had insufficient wing data outside of occultation Scheck had no photometric reference
2009-Sep-05	IoII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ	Clouds interrupted wing data, unable to fit
2009-Sep-05	IeII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ	Mutual eclipse, not an occultation.
2009-Sep-16	IoII	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2009-Sep-23	IeII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA	Mutual eclipse, not an occultation.
2009-Sep-23	IoII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA	14" 80mm
2009-Oct-25	IoII	D. Clark, IOTA, Humble ISD Observatory, TX USA S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA	First identification of a photometric anomaly potentially linked to a Europa water geyser. EG0001 and EG0007
2009-Nov-01	IoII	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA raw intensity montage	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed Europa water geyser EG0004 T. Redding’s separate photometry reveals Europa as source of dimming.
2009-Nov-05	JeI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2009-Nov-25	IoII	A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA
2009-Dec-03	IoII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA M. Hoskinson, IOTA, Edmonton, Canada S. Aguirre, IOTA, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2009-Dec-24	IoII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ * Inverted lightcurve image *
2010-Jan-04	IoII	M. Hoskinson, IOTA, Edmonton, Canada	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2010-Nov-02	IxII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Oct-06	IuIII	Bernd Gährken, Germany	Unexplained brief dimming.
2012-Nov-10	IxII	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA
2012-Nov-17	IxII	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA M. Miller, AAVSO, TX USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA
2012-Nov-20	IxIV	B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA
2012-Dec-08	IxII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Nov-23	IxII	B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA
2013-Feb-17	IxII	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2014-Nov-05	IoIII	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, NM USA	First RED color data of Io atmosphere
2014-Nov-10	IoIV	W. Hanna, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
2014-Nov-19	IoII	W. Hanna, Alice Springs, NT, Australia
2014-Nov-26	IoIII	W. Hanna, Alice Springs, NT, Australia

II – Europa in front (cumulative model)

Date, UT	Event	Results	Comments
2009-Sep-28	IIoIII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA	No wing data due to clouds, unable to fit
2009-Nov-05	IIoI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2009-Nov-13	IIoI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2009-Nov-17	IIoIII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA
2009-Dec-15	IIoI	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA	no reference moon, clouds
2010-Jan-06	IIxIII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA
2010-May-03	IIxI	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA	Part of double JEE TeXI
2012-Jul-21	IIxI	M. Miller, AAVSO, TX USA	M. Miller, AAVSO, TX USA
2012-Jul-25	IIxI IIxI TwXI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA Geo-photometery lightcurve A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA	Triple JEE,
2012-Aug-01	IIxI	D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA
2012-Aug-04	IIxI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA
2012-Aug-11	IIxI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA M. Miller, AAVSO, TX USA A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA
2012-Aug-25	IIgIII	B. Giacchini, REA, CEAMIG, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
2012-Oct-30	IIxI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Nov-05	IIxI	M. Miller, AAVSO, TX USA
2012-Nov-21	IIxI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Nov-30	IIxI	B. Young, Werner Schmidt Observatory (I06), MA USA
2012-Dec-07	IIxI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA
2012-Dec-21	IIxI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA
2013-Sep-06	IIxI TeXI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA Geo-photometery lightcurve Inverted lightcurve image	First in JEE2013 Special Events series. Barely skimmed Europa’s outer atmosphere. Io then enters Eastern Torus Tip.
2013-Sep-13	IIxI TeXI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA
2013-Sep-28	IIxI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA N. Smith	E. Iverson lightcurve has the largest Europa water geyser found to date: EG0006. Ned Smith data was completely saturated.
2013-Oct-01	IIxI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA
2013-Oct-08	IIxI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA
2013-Oct-24	IIxI	J. Garlitz
2013-Dec-08	IIxI	J. Garlitz
2013-Dec-26	IIxI	H. Groot
2014-Jan-12	IIxI	H. Groot
2014-Jan-27	IIxI	J. Garlitz
2014-Oct-02	IIxI	T. Redding	Recorded in V filter only.
2014-Nov-10	IIxI	S. Degenhardt
2014-Dec-17	IIxIII	E. Iverson	First BLUE color data of Europa atmosphere

III – Ganymede in front (cumulative model)

Date, UT	Event	Results	Comments
2009-Oct-24	IIIoII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA D. Clark, IOTA, Humble ISD Observatory, TX USA	IMCCE Phemu09 report filed
2009-Oct-30	IIIoI	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA
2009-Oct-31	IIIoII	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA	data no good, clouded out
2014-Mar-01	IIIxI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA
2014-Dec-14	IIIoI	W. Hanna, Alice Springs, NT, Australia

IV – Callisto in front (cumulative model)

Date, UT	Event	Results	Comments

TJEE – Io Torus Tip Transit

Discussion: http://scottysmightymini.com/JEE/IoTorusJEE_Discussion2014-Mar-08.pdf

Date, UT	Event	Results	Comments
2010-Apr-17	TwXI TeXII	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA
2010-Apr-24	TwXI	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA
2010-Apr-25	TeXI	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA
2010-May-03	T	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA
2010-May-10		J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2010-May-18	TeXI	T. Redding, Redding Observatory South, IOTA, AAVSO FL USA
2010-Oct-26	T	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2010-Nov-01		J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ * Inverted lightcurve image *	First fit of Io Torus tip transit
2010-Nov-24	TwXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Jul-25	IIxI IIxI TwXI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA Geo-photometery lightcurve A. Scheck, IOTA, MD USA D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA	Triple JEE, first discovery of ability to detect Europa’s water geysers.
2012-Aug-08	TwxI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ	Confirmation that the Torus tip JEE is detectable while Io’s orbit is inclined 3 degrees
2012-Aug-29	TwxI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Sep-21	TexI	Bernd Gährken, Munich, Germany	Our first long term eastern Torus Tip. Shows possible double minima. Imaged in methane band showing less mag loss compared to unfiltered.
2012-Oct-05	TwxI	Bernd Gährken, Munich, Germany	Imaged in methane band showing less mag loss compared to unfiltered.
2012-Sep-22		J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Sep-25		M. Miller, AAVSO, TX USA
2012-Oct-03		D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA
2012-Oct-09		D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA
2012-Oct-10		D. Trowbridge, Tinyblue Observatory, AAVSO, WA USA
2012-Oct-31	TeXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Nov-08	TwXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Dec-09	TeXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Dec-11	TeXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2012-Dec-13	TwXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA
2013-Feb-18	TeXI	J. Talbot, RASNZ Occultation Section, Waikanae Beach, NZ
2013-Sep-06	IIxI TeXI	S. Degenhardt, IOTA, AAVSO, SAS, TN USA B. Timerson, IOTA, NY USA E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA Geo-photometery lightcurve Inverted lightcurve image	First in JEE2013 Special Events series. Barely skimmed Europa’s outer atmosphere. Io then enters Eastern Torus Tip.
2013-Sep-13	IIxI TeXI	E. Iverson, IOTA, TX USA
2014-Jan-16	TwXI	J. Garlitz	Torus Tip Transit taken in Red and Blue simultaneously indicates particle size.
2014-Jan-17	TeXI	J. Garlitz	This “miss” demonstrates wobble of Torus, as Io was out of Torus dabri.
2014-Jan-23	TwXI	J. Garlitz	Torus Tip Transit taken in Red and Blue simultaneously indicates particle size.
2014-Mar-01	TwXI	J. Talbot

EGnnnn – Europa Water Geyser

Discussion: (Embargoed)

Date, UT	Event	Results	Comments

2009-Aug-07	EG0025	S. Degenhardt
2009-Nov-01	EG0004	S. Degenhardt
2009-Nov-13	EG0002	S. Degenhardt
2009-Nov-13	EG0003	S. Degenhardt
2009-Oct-25	EG0001	D. Clark, S. Degenhardt
2009-Oct-25	EG0007	S. Degenhardt
2009-Dec-03	EG0026	M. Hoskinson
2009-Dec-24	EG0027	J. Talbot
2009-Dec-24	EG0028	J. Talbot
2012-Jul-25	EG0008	S. Degenhardt, A. Scheck
2012-Aug-04	EG0009	A. Scheck
2012-Aug-04	EG0010	A. Scheck
2012-Aug-25	EG0029	B. Giacchini
2013-Jan-08	EG0016	J. Talbot
2013-Jan-08	EG0017	J. Talbot
2013-Jan-08	EG0018	J. Talbot
2013-Jan-08	EG0019	J. Talbot
2013-Sep-28	EG0006	E. Iverson
2013-Oct-08	EG0011	E. Iverson
2014-Mar-25	EG0013	E. Iverson
2014-Mar-26	EG0012	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-01	EG0014	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-01	EG0015	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-09	EG0022	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-10	EG0020	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-10	EG0021	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-16	EG0024	E. Iverson
2014-Apr-17	EG0023	E. Iverson
2014-May-16	EG0005	E. Iverson

Some reduction discussion: http://scottysmightymini.com/JEE/Tips.htm

Brief description of reduction information:

Ephemeris for the Jovian system is acquired through the JPL Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System (http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons.cgi) rendering exact relative positions of the Jovian System. Horizon’s provides the X, Y offset from Jupiter’s center giving a mutual reference point for all four major moons at any given time UT as viewed from earth. To determine the distance in arc seconds between Io (I), Europa (II), Ganymede (III), or Callisto (IV) a pair of moons are taken one at a time and a hypotenuse calculation is perform as such (example here for I and II):

SQRT((XI - XII)^2+(YI - YII)^2)

The answer to this would be the true separation in arc seconds of Io and Europa. Horizons also provides the angular diameter of each moon at that reference point of time. Knowing the diameter means one can plot an exact representation of moon separations simulating an atmosphere of a specified radii. Horizons provides Range data, i.e. the distance the moon is from earth, so one can determine which moon is in front causing extinction.

We originally based all predictions on published data of expected atmospheric radii for Io and Europa. For Io, Schneider et al. (1991) estimated Io’s atmosphere to extend to about 6 Io radii. Brown et al. (1996) estimated Europa’s atmosphere to extend to 25 Europa radii. Our original efforts IAEP2009 and JEE2010 mainly acquired data focusing on events where Io was in front causing extinction to the moon behind it. We found on average that Io’s extinctive part of its atmosphere at the equator to be about 8 Io radii, but very asymmetrical depending on the angle you view it. We have measured material pushed ahead of Io out to 31 Io radii. But for reduction purposes you will find on some of the lightcurves both the IAEP2009 or JEE2010 derived atmospheres as well as the published 6 Io radii and 25 Europa radii values. Then we provide a current fit for that event where we tell the JPL ephemeris to trace out a radius that fits most of the lightcurve data points.

Additional prediction information can be found here: http://scottysmightymini.com/JEE/JEE2012_FAQ.htm

Standard Nomenclature:

Dates and times are UT

“Event type” = (A) B (C)

Where:

A = object in front

B = event, where:

e = eclipse

o = occultation

x = dimming by atmospheric extinction

g = dimming by water geyser

C = object in back

Objects:

J = Jupiter

I = Io

II = Europa

III = Ganymede

IV = Callisto

Te = Eastern tip of the Torus of Io

Tw = Western tip of the Torus of Io

25 Europa radii atmosphere:

Discovery of an extended sodium atmosphere around Europa

Brown, Michael E. et al. Nature 380, 229 - 231 (21 March 1996); doi:10.1038/380229a0

6 Io radii atmosphere:

The structure of Io's corona

Schneider et al. (1991), Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X), vol. 368, Feb. 10, 1991, p. 298-315.

Degenhardt, S. et. al (2010), Io and Europa Atmosphere Detection through Jovian Mutual Events, The Society for Astronomical Science: Proceedings for the 29^th Annual Symposium on Telescope Science, p. 91-100 http://scottysmightymini.com/JEE/SAS2010_Io_Europa_Degenhardt.pdf